The usage of some drugs is strongly correlated. The drugs are classified on their deemed potential for abuse. In the U.S., drugs have been legally classified into five categories, schedule I, II, III, IV, or V in the Controlled Substances Act. Similarly, adopting the view that any (recreational) use of cannabis or substituted amphetamines constitutes drug abuse implies a decision made that the substance is harmful, even in minute quantities. Some groups (Mormons, as prescribed in "the Word of Wisdom") even condemn caffeine use in any quantity. Strict temperance advocates, who may or may not be religiously motivated, would see drinking even one glass as abuse. Drinking an occasional glass of wine is considered acceptable in most Western countries, while drinking several bottles is seen as abuse. Second, the word "abuse" implies a recognized standard of use for any substance. For instance, GHB, a naturally occurring substance in the central nervous system is considered a drug, and is illegal in many countries, while nicotine is not officially considered a drug in most countries. First, what constitutes a "drug" is debatable. Philip Jenkins suggests that there are two issues with the term "drug abuse". The colored links between drugs indicate the correlations with | r|>0.4, where | r| is the absolute value of the Pearson correlation coefficient. Usage is defined as having used the drug at least once during years 2005–2015. This diagram depicts the correlations among the usage of 18 legal and illegal drugs: alcohol, amphetamines, amyl nitrite, benzodiazepines, cannabis, chocolate, cocaine, caffeine, crack, ecstasy, heroin, ketamine, legal highs, LSD, methadone, magic mushrooms (MMushrooms), nicotine and volatile substance abuse (VSA). Of these, the highest numbers are from alcohol use disorders at 137,500, opioid use disorders at 122,100 deaths, amphetamine use disorders at 12,200 deaths, and cocaine use disorders at 11,100. In 2015, substance use disorders resulted in 307,400 deaths, up from 165,000 deaths in 1990. Of these, 27 million have high-risk drug use-otherwise known as recurrent drug use-causing harm to their health, causing psychological problems, and or causing social problems that put them at risk of those dangers. In 2010, about 5% of people (230 million) used an illicit substance. The exact cause of substance abuse is not clear, but there are two predominant theories: either a genetic predisposition or a habit learned from others, which, if addiction develops, manifests itself as a chronic debilitating disease. ĭrugs most often associated with this term include: alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens (although there is no known psychedelic, one of the three categories of hallucinogens, that has been found to have any addictive potential), methaqualone, and opioids. In addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, the use of some drugs may also lead to criminal penalties, although these vary widely depending on the local jurisdiction. In some cases, criminal or anti-social behavior occurs when the person is under the influence of a drug, and long-term personality changes in individuals may also occur. Differing definitions of drug abuse are used in public health, medical, and criminal justice contexts. It is a form of substance-related disorder. Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others.
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